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緊固件腐蝕成因
Fasteners corrosion causes
緊固件作為結(jié)構(gòu)連接固定之用，就如同人體的關(guān)節(jié)。若關(guān)節(jié)損壞，身體將會(huì)完全喪失支撐能力。在構(gòu)件接合處使用了不適當(dāng)?shù)穆葆敚@種做法將造成螺釘或基材加速腐蝕，使得機(jī)械強(qiáng)度大大下降，無法達(dá)到原來的設(shè)計(jì)需求，給建筑物帶來了極大的安全隱患。那么，是什么因素導(dǎo)致緊固件的銹蝕呢?
Fasteners, work as the connection of structures, just like joint of body. If the joint is broken, body will lose the suport force. Improper use of screws will cause rapid corrosion of screws or base material, which lead to greatly decrease of mechanical properties and the designing requirement could not be satisfied. And it brings great satety risks Then let's talk about the factors that cause the bothering corrosion.
工業(yè)大氣腐蝕
Industrial atmospheric corrosion
冶煉廠、石油化工廠、礦區(qū)或者其它工業(yè)化環(huán)境中，含有大量二氧化硫、二氧化碳，以及氮?dú)獾雀g氣體及塵埃，我們稱之為工業(yè)大氣。工業(yè)大氣溶入水汽、雨滴中就成為“酸雨”，這些氣體溶入廠房?jī)?nèi)部的結(jié)露中，成為“自產(chǎn)酸雨”，粘附在鋼構(gòu)上，掛流在螺桿柱體，侵蝕著鋼結(jié)構(gòu)房屋的基體。外來的酸雨侵蝕鋼屋面或墻面上的自鉆螺釘，碳鋼鍍鋅螺釘受不了腐蝕，就會(huì)生銹，直至爛斷，雨水流入室內(nèi)與室內(nèi)的酸雨匯合成為腐蝕的根源。
Refineries, petrochemical plants, mining or other industrial environments contains large amounts of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other corrosive gases and dust, which is called the industrial atmosphere. Industrial air is dissolved in water vapor, and raindrops become "acid rain." These gases dissolved in condensation inside the plant and it become"self-produced acid rain", which will lead to corrosion of steel structures. Galvanized carbon steel screWS are corroded by acid rain, resulting in the water leakage of buildings.
氯化物腐蝕
Chloride corrosion
由于海洋大氣含有鹽份，形成非常活躍的氯離子，具有很強(qiáng)的侵蝕性。海霧、氯化物會(huì)腐蝕濱海建筑的鋼筋。混凝土水合作用的高堿性使鋼筋處于鈍化狀態(tài)，阻止了腐蝕，但在高氯化物環(huán)境下，由于氯離子的滲透性強(qiáng)，可以穿透混凝土護(hù)層直達(dá)其中的鋼筋，造成腐蝕，甚至使混凝土開裂。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)離海岸越近腐蝕越嚴(yán)重，其腐蝕速度比內(nèi)陸工業(yè)大氣高出許多倍。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)與木材接觸，由于木材受潮后分泌酸性，也會(huì)使金屬嚴(yán)重腐蝕。
Because of the ocean-atmosphere containing massive salt, there is a very active chlorine ions which are highly corrosive. Sea fog, chloride can corrode coastal steel buildings. Concrete has good corrosion resistance, but there is strong the chlorine ions penetration in the high chloride environment, which penetrating concrete covering layer lead to internal steel corrosion or even cracking concrete. The closer the building to the coast, the faster the steel structure corroded, and the corrosion rate is many times higer than in the inland industrial armoshere. Since the timber wetted produces acidoid, the steel conta cting with timber could also be severely corroded.
電化學(xué)腐蝕
Electrochemical corrosion
是指兩種異質(zhì)金屬或金屬中足以構(gòu)成電位差的兩極，在一種電解質(zhì)相連的環(huán)境中，形成陽(yáng)極金屬持續(xù)失去金屬電子而被腐蝕的現(xiàn)象，稱之為電化學(xué)腐蝕。
Electrochemical reaction usually refers that two kinds of heterogeneous metal or metal is enough to constitute a potential difference of the poles, in an electrolyte of the environment,constant loss of metal electron which causes corrosion phenomenon, called the electrochemical corrosion.
